Additionally, around the ninth century, the African–Arab writer Al-Jahiz wrote a book called Kitab al-Hayawan (The Book of Animals), which stated that the natural environment influences to have new characteristics for the survival of living things, and such affected creatures pass on their newly generated characteristics to their offspring over time. Meanwhile, in the East, an ancient Indian medical book called Charaka Samhita, written around 300 AD, was the first paper to argue that the traits of offspring are inherited from their parents, and it went on to suggest that these traits were being passed on over generations through heredity. A typical example of this is the theory of heredity and hereditary disease discussed by renowned scholars such as Hippocrates and Aristotle of ancient Greece from the West. Whether in the East or the West, humankind has taken a keen interest in heredity and genetic diseases from ancient to modern times. What is the probability that their children will have the disease? What sex will a child in the family with hemophilia be?ġ2 Show the cross of… A woman who has hemophilia marries a normal man.How hereditary diseases changed our history-from ancient Egypt and the House of Habsburg to the House of Romanov What is the probability that their children will have the disease?ġ1 Show the cross of… A woman who is a carrier marries a normal man. Males will either have the disease or not (but they won’t ever be carriers) XHXH = Female, normal XHY = Male, normal XHXh = Female, carrier XhY = Male, hemophiliac XhXh = Female, hemophiliacġ0 Show the cross of… A man who has hemophelia with a woman who is a carrier. Females can be normal, carriers, or have the disease. Hemophelia Genes In humans, hemophilia is a sex linked trait. Therefore, the British monarchy today does not carry the recessive allele for hemophilia, at least not inherited from Queen Victoria. Because he did not inherit the trait, he could not pass it on to his children. Queen Elizabeth II, the current British monarch is descended from Queen Victoria’s eldest son, Edward VII. The series of events surrounding Alexis and his hemophelia played a role in the downfall of the Russian monarchy. In desperation, the family turned to Rasputin, a man who claimed to have healing abilities and used Alexis ‘ illness for his own political power. Four healthy daughters were born, but the only male heir to the throne, Alexei, showed signs of bleeding and bruising at 6 weeks of age.ħ Alexei Having a brother, an uncle and two cousins who had suffered from the disorder and died at early ages, you can imagine the despair Alexandra felt for her son and the future heir. Irene’s sister, and Queen Victoria’s granddaughter, Alexandra, married Czar Nicholas 11 of Russia. One of her daughters, Irene, passed the trait to the next generation of Prussian royalty – 2 of her sons. Once of Alice’s sons, Frederick, died at the age of 3 from hemophilia. Two of their sons died from hemophilia in their early 30’s.Īlice, another of Victoria’s daughters, married Louis IV of Hesse, a member of the Prussian royal family and related to Prince Henry of Battenberg. Her daughter, Victoria, was a carrier and married King Alfonso XIII of Spain, thus transmitting the gene to the Spanish royal family. Two of their sons inherited the trait, both dying before the age of 35. Queen Victoria’s daughter Beatrice, a carrier for the trait, married Prince Henry of Battenberg, a descendent of Prussian royalty. Her son Leopold had hemophilia and died as a result of a minor fall (hemophelia does not allow blood to clot, and as a result you can bleed to death from as little as a paper cut or stubbed toe!). Queen Victoria had 5 sons and 5 daughters. 2 One of the most famous examples of a pedigree demonstrating inheritance of a sex-linked trait is the family of Queen Victoria of England and hemophilia.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |